La filosofía de la biología de Denis Noble
La propuesta de un “darwinismo activo” y la necesidad de una biología más allá de los genes para el siglo XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48160/18532330me15.382Palavras-chave:
Denis Noble, darwinismo, genes, antirreduccionismoResumo
El siguiente artículo supone una introducción a la filosofía de la biología de Denis Noble. El “darwinismo pasivo” que se desprende de la perspectiva genocéntrica de la evolución considera que la agencia exhibida por los organismos vivos es un fenómeno aparente cuyas causas son moleculares o genéticas. Denis Noble, por el contrario, defenderá un “darwinismo activo” basado en dos principios: (1) el principio antirreduccionista, según el cual los niveles superiores de organización en los sistemas biológicos son capaces de constreñir a los niveles más bajos y su agencia no es, por tanto, reductible a la de estos. (2) El principio relativista de la biología que niega, de manera más general, la existencia de un nivel privilegiado de causación en los sistemas biológicos. Enmarcada en la tradición organicista, la biología “más allá de los genes” de Denis Noble propone una reconceptualización de los sistemas biológicos que desplaza el énfasis explicativo desde la primacía de los genes hacia una concepción dinámica y recíproca de las interacciones causales entre los niveles de organización biológicos.
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