Diversity, Pluralisms and Reductions in Biology: An Analysis of the Relationships between Gene Concepts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48160/18532330me8.176Keywords:
gen-P, gen-D, reduction, monism, pluralismAbstract
Currently, it is possible to find different notions of genes in Biology. Regarding their relationship, Moss has mentioned that the notions of classic gene (gene-P) and molecular gene (gene-D) are independent. In this work, we analyze the relationship between gene-P and gene-D in different areas of Biology such as Genetics, Molecular Biology, Genetics of Populations and Neurobiology. We propose that these notions not only present an important conceptual link but that different “hybrid” notions are also recognized in the specialized bibliography. We consider that, against any kind of pluralism, this dual conceptualization further supports reductionist thesis in contemporary Biology.
References
Bellgrove, M.A., Hawi, Z., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Robertson, I.H. y M. Gill (2005), “DRD4 Gene Variants and Sustained Attention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Effects of Associated Alleles at the VNTR and -521 SNP”, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B (Neuropsychiatric Genetics)136B: 81-86.
Celotto, A.M. y B.R.Graveley (2001), “Alternative Splicing of the Drosophila Dscam Pre-mRNA Is Both Temporally and Spatially Regulated”, Genetics159: 599-608.
Faraone,S.V., Perlis,R.H., Doyle,A.E., Smoller,J.W., Goralnick,J.J., Holmgren,M.A. y P.Sklar (2005),“Molecular Genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder”, Biological Psychiatry57: 1313-1323.
Goldbach, T. y C.N. El-Hani (2008),“Entre receitas, programas e códigos: metáforas e ideias sobre genes na divulgação científica e no contexto escolar”, Alexandria. Revista de educação em Ciência e Tecnologia 1: 153-189.
Gonon, F. (2008), “The Dopaminergic Hypothesis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Needs Re-Examining”, Trends in Neuroscience32: 2-8.
Griffiths, P.E. y E.M. Neumann-Held (1999),“The Many Faces of the Gene”, BioScience49(8): 656-662.
Griffiths, P.E. y K. Stotz (2006),“Genes in the Postgenomic Era”, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics27: 499-521.
Hang, S. (2015), “Limits to Deterministic-Linear Causality in Biomedicine: Effects of Stochasticity and Non-Linearity in Molecular Network”, en Bertolaso, M. (ed.), The Future of Scientific Practice: ‘Bio-Techno-Logos’, London: Pickering & Chatto, pp. 41-64.
Haworth ,C.M., Wright, M.J., Martin, N.W., Martin, N.G., Boomsma, D.I., Bartels, M., Posthuma, D.,Davis, O.S.,Brant, A.M.,Corley, R.P., Hewitt,J.K., Iacono, W.G., McGue,M.,Thompson, L.A., Hart, S.A., Petrill,S.A., Lubinski,D. y R. Plomin (2009), “A Twin Study of the Genetics of High Cognitive Ability Selected from 11,000 Twin Pairs in Six Studies from Four Countries”, Behavior Genetics39: 359-370.
Heiser, P., Friedel, S., Dempfle, A., Konrad, K.,Smidt, J., Grabarkiewicz, J., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Remschmidt, H. y J. Hebebrand (2004), “Molecular Genetic Aspects of Attention-Defficit/Hyperactivity Disorder”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews28: 625-641.
Hickman, M. y J. Cairns (2003),“The Centenary of the One-Gene One-Enzyme Hypothesis”, Genetics163: 839-841.
Levy, F. (1991), “The Dopamine Theory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry25: 277-283.
Li, X.-M., Song, Y.-N., Xiao, G.-B., Zhu, B.H.,Xu, G.C.,Sun, M.Y.,Xiao, J.,Mahboob, S.,Al-Ghanim, K.A., Sun, X.W. y J.T. Li (2015), “Gene Expression Variations of Red—White Skin Coloration in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences16: 21310-21329.
McGough, J.J. (2005), “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Pharmacogenomics”, Biological Psychiatry57: 1367-1373.
Meyer, L.M.N., Bomfim, G.C. y C.N. El-Hani (2013), “How to Understand the Gene in the 21st Century”, Science & Education22: 345-374.
Moss, L. (2002), What Genes Can't Do, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Moss, L. (2003), “One, Two (too?), Many Genes?”, The Quarterly Review of Biology78: 57-67.
Moss, L. (2008), “The Meanings of the Gene and the Future of the Phenotype The Meanings of the Gene and the Future of the Phenotype”, Genomics, Society and Policy4: 38-57.
Nachman, M.W., Hoekstra, H.E. y S.L. D’Agostino (2003), “The Genetic Basis of Adaptive Melanism in Pocket Mice”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences100: 5268-5273.
Pauls, D.L. (2005), “The Genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder”, Biological Psychiatry57: 275-282.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J., Knopik, V. y J. Neiderhise (2013), Behavioral Genetics, New York: Worth Publishers.
Polderman, T.J.C., Benyamin, B., de Leeuw, C.A., Sullivan, P.F., van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P.M. y D. Posthuma (2015), “Meta-Analysisof the Heritability of Human Traits Based on Fifty Years of Twin Studies”, Nature Genetics47: 702-709.
Sakudoh, T., Sezutsu, H., Nakashima, T., Kobayashi, I.,Fujimoto, H.,Uchino, K.,Banno, Y.,Iwano, H.,Maekawa, H.,Tamura, T.,Kataoka, H. y K.Tsuchida (2007), “Carotenoid silk coloration is controlled by a Carotenoid-Binding Protein, a Product of the Yellow Blood Gene”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences104: 8941-8946.
Scott, J., Wallis, S.C., Davies, M.S., Wynne, J.K. ,Powell, L.M. y D.M. Driscoll (1989), “RNA editing: A Novel Mechanism for Regulating Lipid Transport from the Intestine”, Gut Festschrift30: 35-43.
Smoot, L.C., Boothby, L.A. y R.C. Gillett (2007), “Clinical Assessment and Treatment of ADHD in Children”, International Journal of Clinical Practice61: 1730-1738.
Stotz, K. (2006), “With ‘Genes’ Like That, Who Needs an Environment? Postgenomics’s Argument for the ‘Ontogeny of Information’”, Philosophy of Science73: 905-917.
Stotz, K.; Griffiths, P.E. y R. Knight (2004), “How Biologists Conceptualize Genes: An Empirical Study”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences35: 647-673.
Swanson, J., Oosterlaan, J., Murias, M., Schuck, S.,Flodman, P.,Spence, M.A.,Wasdell, M.,Ding, Y.,Chi, H.C., Smith, M., Mann, M.,Carlson, C.,Kennedy, J.L.,Sergeant, J.A.,Leung, P.,Zhang, Y.P.,Sadeh, A.,Chen,
C., Whalen, C.K.,Babb, K.A., Moyzis, R. y M.I. Posner (2000a), “Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Children with a 7-Repeat Allele of the Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene Have Extreme Behavior but Normal Performance on Critical Neuropsychological Tests of Attention”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences97: 4754-4759.
Swanson, J.M., Flodman, P., Kennedy, J., Spence, M.A.,Moyzis, R.,Schuck, S.,Murias, M.,Moriarity, J.,Barr, C.,Smith, M. y M.Posner (2000b), “Dopamine Genes and ADHD”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews24: 21-25.
Swanson, J.M, Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B.,Stefanatos, G.A.,Volkow, N.,Taylor, E.,Casey, B.J.,Castellanos, F.X. y P.D. Wadhwa (2007), “Etiologic Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain Imaging, Molecular Genetic and Environmental Factors and the Dopamine Hypothesis”, Neuropsychology Review17: 39-59.
Vendruscolo, L.F., Terenina-Rigaldie, E., Raba, F., Ramos,A., Naoto Takahashi, R. y P.Mormède (2006), “A QTL on Rat Chromosome 7 Modulates Prepulse Inhibition, a Neuro-Behavioral Trait of ADHD, in a Lewis x SHR intercross”, Behavioral and Brain Functions2: 21-27.
Waters, C.K. (1994), “Genes Made Molecular”, Philosophy of Science 61: 163-185.
Williams, G.C. (1966), Adaptation and Natural Selection, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Metatheoria – Journal of Philosophy and History of ScienceThe documents published here are governed by the licensing criteria
Creative Commons Argentina.Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Obra Derivada 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
